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在雅思议论文写作中，我们通常会向学生介绍两种结构，即一边倒和折中。所谓一边倒，就是文章的论证从一边展开，作者的论点和支持句呈现“一边倒”的形式；而折中式文章的特点则是文章针对题目所提出的话题，从正反（即支持和反对）两个方面展开辩论。 对于这两种写法，不同人有不同的偏好。经常有同学会问小安老师，哪种写法更好，哪种写法更容易拿分，这其实没有定论，论述有理充分就是好文章的标准。一边倒和折中结构的文章有着各自不同的特点和套路，不同的题目可能适合不同类型的写作结构。 但无论采用哪种结构，论点和相应的支持句都不可或缺，特别是清晰的论点尤其重要，没有论点或论点不清的文章是绝不可能拿高分的。 对于考生来说，要做到观点明确最好用的方法无疑是一边倒的写法，也是部分老师比较推荐的写法。但折中真的不可用吗？下面就跟小安老师看一看折中的正确应用方法～ （1） 权衡利弊 这类方法适用于讨论"advantages & disadvantages"的题目。只需要在主体段分别论述考题所涉及事物的优缺点之后，在结尾段提出“优缺点都有，我们要权衡利弊”这样的观点。例如： The advantages brought by the wide spread of mobile phones will outweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view? 主题段分别论述手机的利弊之后结尾段可以这样提出折中观点： To put it in a nutshell, it is difficult to tell whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages or not regarding the wide spread of using mobile phones. What we may have to consider is how to make full use of this technological progress while staying away from its drawbacks. （2） 双管齐下 很多考题需要考生讨论两种观点，通常会有讨论双方观点并给出自己观点的提问要求。这时候题中出现的两种观点看上去完全相反，但其实并不矛盾，可以用“双管齐下”的思路来提出观点。例如： Some people think that cultural traditions may be destroyed when they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others believe it is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion. 在讨论完发展旅游的必要性和保护文化传统的重要性之后，结尾段可以这样提出折中方案： We should try to reach a balance between tourism development and cultural protection and I insist the government plays a crucial role. Actually, many cities have made effective and efficient development strategies to successfully attract numerous visitors while at the same time preserving their local cultures and traditions. （3） 视情况而定 有时在分别论述完两个观点后，可以提出“同意哪方观点要取决于……”这样的折中观点，比如： Some people think that all lawbreakers should be taken into prison, others believe that there are better alternatives. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 在讨论完两种不同惩罚方式之后，结尾段可以这样提出观点： From my point of view, there is no absolute answer as to whether lawbreakers should be taken into prison or punished by other alternatives. It largely depends on different circumstances of crimes. But what remains undoubted is that we should take lawbreakers seriously who are major threat to social stability. （4） 提出方案 双方讨论型文章中的两种观点虽相互矛盾，但很多情况其实是可以通过某种方法“化解矛盾”的，例如这道考题： Some people think that dangerous sports should be banned by government, while others believe that people should be free to choose sporting activities they like. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 在主体段讨论完禁止危险运动和自由选择运动的利弊之后，我们可以提出这样一种解决方案： The best solution, therefore, is not to ban but to limit and protect. The government should improve the sport equipments in order to ensure participators' safety. Meanwhile, age limitation to certain sporting activities is also indispensable, excluding adolescents and senior citizens. |
